2aHawaii
General Topics => Political Discussion => Topic started by: ren on October 13, 2019, 06:15:52 PM
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https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project (https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project)
I agree with the protestors.
HECO should max out rooftop PV then go wind. HECO should spend the money on energy storage.
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https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project (https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project)
I agree with the protestors.
HECO should max out rooftop PV then go wind. HECO should spend the money on energy storage.
:thumbsup: Ditto!
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https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project (https://www.kitv.com/story/41175702/oahu-residents-hold-peaceful-protest-against-wind-turbine-project)
I agree with the protestors.
HECO should max out rooftop PV then go wind. HECO should spend the money on energy storage.
Why should they max out solar first? I think a balance makes sense given that wind can produce throughout the day.
Energy storage is important too though. I had a great idea on a simplle way to store energy but turns out its already a thing.
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Where can I buy a Hawaiian flag with an upside down bat?
Or should it be a right-side up bat? Thimk about it.
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Problem is, HECO is not going to pay for your solar panel installation or be responsible for the penetrations to your roof.
1 acre solar puts out much less than 1 acre solar and the land beneath wind can still be used for ag farming or grazing while the solar panels are 100% use of land.
Plus the wind mills do not run every day as they (HECO) limits the amount of energy they can produce.
Life spans may be similar, but the disposal of solar panels is much worse for the environment.
Don't get me wrong, I like solar, but wind gives more options.
As for ""What other community on O'ahu is surrounded by this many monster turbines?"
Got me there, only the "WINDWARD" side. :crazy:
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Problem is, HECO is not going to pay for your solar panel installation or be responsible for the penetrations to your roof.
1 acre solar puts out much less than 1 acre solar and the land beneath wind can still be used for ag farming or grazing while the solar panels are 100% use of land.
Plus the wind mills do not run every day as they (HECO) limits the amount of energy they can produce.
Life spans may be similar, but the disposal of solar panels is much worse for the environment.
Don't get me wrong, I like solar, but wind gives more options.
As for ""What other community on O'ahu is surrounded by this many monster turbines?"
Got me there, only the "WINDWARD" side. :crazy:
... not to mention the free fertilizer produced from the huge number of rotting birds that flew into the turbines.
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... not to mention the free fertilizer produced from the huge number of rotting birds that flew into the turbines.
That problem has actually been minimized from what it used to be. The instances with high bird death were in certain locations and with certain structure types that were more likely to hit birds. Still happens some but not as bad as it used to be.
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That problem has actually been minimized from what it used to be. The instances with high bird death were in certain locations and with certain structure types that were more likely to hit birds. Still happens some but not as bad as it used to be.
List your sources that make that claim.
My reading tells me there are efforts to map bird migration paths and move/shut down temporarily certain turbines in those paths, but
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Given the short period of time that the maps and forecasts have been online, it's too soon to tell whether they're
having a beneficial impact. But the researchers are hoping for good results. Says Horton, "We really want to see
some conservation come out of this, hopefully to reduce some of the mortality."
Major difference between your conclusion and that of the experts.
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/wind-energy-takes-toll-birds-now-there-s-help-ncna866336
With more than 50,000 wind turbines in place across the U.S., wind power now accounts for 8 percent
of the nation's energy-generating capacity — and experts predict that figure could rise to 20 percent by 2030.
But all that clean, renewable energy comes with a high cost to the nation's wildlife. Researchers estimate
that 140,000 to 328,000 birds are killed every year in collisions with the turbines' spinning rotor blades and
support towers. The risk to birds is highest at night, when the blades and towers are cloaked in darkness.
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just paint one Hawaiian flag upside down on each windmill
problem solved ;)
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just paint one Hawaiian flag upside down on each windmill
problem solved ;)
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Brilliant!
Put one flag on each blade. The ultimate diplomatic solution.
If you were running for governor, I would vote for you.
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Brilliant!
Put one flag on each blade. The ultimate diplomatic solution.
If you were running for governor, I would vote for you.
but i'm not a democrat, so I think I would lose. :(
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... not to mention the free fertilizer produced from the huge number of rotting birds that flew into the turbines.
Wind turbines kill between 214,000 and 368,000 birds annually — a small fraction compared with the estimated 6.8 million fatalities from collisions with cell and radio towers and the 1.4 billion to 3.7 billion deaths from cats, according to the peer-reviewed study by two federal scientists and the environmental consulting firm West Inc.
TREEHUGGER.COM
According to the current literature somewhere between 140,000 and 328,000 birds die each year from collisions with wind turbines.
smithsonian.com and Audobon Society
With more than 49,000 individual wind turbines now exist across 39 states, that's about 4.5 birds per year per turbine.
I probably hit 2 per year with my car.
Pv on the other hand
As a renewable energy sources, solar energy has intermittency issues; not shining at night but also during daytime there may be cloudy or rainy weather.
Intermittency and unpredictability of solar energy makes solar energy panels A less reliable a solution.
Solar energy panels require additional equipment (solar inverters) to convert direct electricity (DC) to alternating electricity (AC) in order to be used on the power network.
For a continuous supply of electric power, especially for on-grid connections, Photovoltaic panels require not only Inverters but also storage batteries; thus increasing the investment cost for PV panels considerably
As mentioned, land-mounted PV panel installations require relatively large areas for deployment; usually the land space is committed for this purpose for a period of 15-20 years – or even longer.
Solar panels efficiency levels are relatively low (between 14%-25%) compared to the efficiency levels of other (Wind) renewable energy systems.
Though PV panels have no considerable maintenance or operating costs, they are fragile and can be damaged relatively easily; additional insurance costs are therefore of ultimate importance to safeguard a PV investment.
I am around these towers weekly (could it with thrown stone) and rarely hear them, never seen a bird strike, still have all my hair and my junk works. :love:
On the other hand, just down the road I see acres of PV consuming grazing land falling into dis-repair,. :(
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I heard that a lot of times the birds and bats do not actually have to hit the turbine but just come close enough for the low pressure wave to knock them unconscious.
But regardless
There is no green energy solution that will replace fossil fuels. The only long term effective way to cope with their scarcity is to decrease demand. Pretty much everything else is a subsidy scam to get free money from the government.
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I’m in a project now where the EIS/NEPA folks are debating impact of relocating a fence to the protected hoary bats. I am all for protecting natural and cultural resources, but there needs to be a common sense approach. It’s relocating an EXISTING fence. So if the future risk is similar to current state. I’ll tell you what, this project can’t move forward with eliminating the fence.
Impacts are very much real. However, there are always impacts. It’s not NO impact, which people tend to misconstrue or take to foo far an extreme.
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HECO has a monopoly on HI for many decades. I have friends in the mainland who have PV and sell back energy to the energy company to make a profit. Why can't we do that here? Oh yeah, because HECO is the only energy supplier. This is also why cost is so high. My friend in Vegas runs his AC all day and night. Monthly electric bill is $70. There is so much competition that rates are lowered so the companies can get business.
On a separate note, the same people who are saying global warming this, ban plastic that, don't want wind towers. Tree hugger logic at it's best.
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HECO has a monopoly on HI for many decades. I have friends in the mainland who have PV and sell back energy to the energy company to make a profit. Why can't we do that here? Oh yeah, because HECO is the only energy supplier. This is also why cost is so high. My friend in Vegas runs his AC all day and night. Monthly electric bill is $70. There is so much competition that rates are lowered so the companies can get business.
On a separate note, the same people who are saying global warming this, ban plastic that, don't want wind towers. Tree hugger logic at it's best.
Well, there's more than one answer to that question.
#1 - if you jumped onboard the solar train when it left the station, you were under the Net Energy Metering (NEM) tariff program. That program charges a minimal $18 administrative fee plus whatever NET energy use you had that month.
If you have enough solar panel generation capacity (i.e. number of panels) relative to your energy use that month, you sell back your excess solar produced in the daytime to offset the energy used from the power plant at nighttime or on cloudy days. The majority of those solar customers rarely pay more than the $18/month because they ARE selling back energy to HECO.
HECO pays less per kWh for the energy you export to the grid than they charge for per kWh for residential customers. So, the amount of excess solar kWh customers produce must be more than the kWh they consume from HECO to avoid paying about the monthly minimum. Make sense?
When HECO first created the NEM program, they estimated the grid can handle about 20% solar buy-back. Think about it. The grid has to be balanced, since electricity they produce isn't stored. They have to generate and distribute as much electricity as homes and businesses need on a constant basis. The grid can only handle so much electricity.
On a cloudy day, HECO still has to deliver 100% of the energy the island needs. That means they have to maintain the capacity to generate the 20% that solar customers normally produce. That cost includes generators running, because, as we saw after that earthquake, it takes some time to start up an idle generator and bring it online.
#2 - After HECO hit the 20%, they slowed the residential solar approval process for new installations. After a while, they started allowing new solar customers to connect to the grid, but the programs they are under didn't pay them for their excess energy like the original program. Many people were stuck waiting for approval, saving on their electric bill during the day, but paying for nighttime use -- with no "buy back" to offset their bills. Eventually, HECO came up with new programs that require additional equipment on the customer side to export energy to the grid.
So, the short answer is there ARE MANY PEOPLE on Oahu selling their excess solar energy to HECO and paying next-to-nothing for their non-solar use.
The new programs have the option to export excess OR STORED energy to the grid for a rebate, but the equipment to do so costs the customer more. The programs have various caps on the amount of energy you can export as well as varying prices HECO will pay per kWh you export.
The new minimum for billing solar customers is now $25.
https://www.hawaiianelectric.com/documents/products_and_services/customer_renewable_programs/programs_bill_and_credit_HE.pdf
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I hate cleaning bird crap off my car every day
the less birds, the better
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I hate cleaning bird crap off my car every day
the less birds, the better
So you're going to be pro 5G then right? Test sites in many spots in the UK have killed the birds in the area.
Japan rejects 5G
Israel rejects 5G
Many UK countries reject 5G
#tinfoil
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So you're going to be pro 5G then right? Test sites in many spots in the UK have killed the birds in the area.
Japan rejects 5G
Israel rejects 5G
Many UK countries reject 5G
#tinfoil
if that means less bird crap to clean, i'm all in! :geekdanc:
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Where can I buy a Hawaiian flag with an upside down bat?
Or should it be a right-side up bat? Thimk about it.
I know a company that prints the Hawaii flag upside down. :rofl: :rofl: :rofl:
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List your sources that make that claim.
My reading tells me there are efforts to map bird migration paths and move/shut down temporarily certain turbines in those paths, but
QUOTE
Major difference between your conclusion and that of the experts.
https://www.nbcnews.com/mach/science/wind-energy-takes-toll-birds-now-there-s-help-ncna866336
It was from a 1A podcast where they had a number of guests. I can dig up a link if you would like.
Two specifics were mentioned when they addressed the issue. One was that earlier on they were placed in mountain passes which birds tended to fly in and that when placed in wide open areas this reduced the problem. The second was that earlier turbines were placed on structures that had places attractive to birds to land. The new streamlined style we see today doesn't leave much for the birds to land on.
Again, I didn't say it doesn't happen anymore, just say that it has been reduced significantly from what I heard in the podcast.
I do wonder if birds will just evolve over a few generations to learn to avoid them.
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There is no green energy solution that will replace fossil fuels. The only long term effective way to cope with their scarcity is to decrease demand. Pretty much everything else is a subsidy scam to get free money from the government.
Not completely no but I do think green energy stands to replace a significant chunk of fossil fuel usage.
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Anti windmill folks cut utility poles and dropped them across Kam highway near Kahuku motocross to stop transport of windmills. :wtf:
Power was out in upper Kahuku and Sunset but has since been restored :shake:
HPD with riot gear in force at scene. :popcorn:
Yeah, making someone drive all the way around the island to get home or to work REALLY makes them want to support your cause. :crazy: :crazy:
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Anyone see the vid where Hong Kong protestors blocked the road with stuff? An emergency vehicle had to get through, so they cleared the way in about 12 seconds. Was set up Mogadishu style.
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"Civil Disobedience" is NOT blocking roads, downing utility poles or otherwise disrupting the PUBLIC.
It is disrupting the GOVERNMENT, e.g. staging sit-ins, holding protests at government buildings, gathering signatures on petitions, and so on.
In London, Climate Change morons disrupted the daily train commute for thousands by standing on top of the trains. They were pulled down and beaten up by some of the angry commuters. Nothing says "I want to stop climate change" like protesting on top of public transportation systems that, you know, take cars off the street. :wacko:
"Extinction Rebellion?" LOL!!! :rofl: :rofl: :rofl:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2019/oct/17/protesters-dragged-off-dlr-train-as-extinction-rebellion-delay-commuters-in-london-video
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"Civil Disobedience" is NOT blocking roads, downing utility poles or otherwise disrupting the PUBLIC.
It is disrupting the GOVERNMENT, e.g. staging sit-ins, holding protests at government buildings, gathering signatures on petitions, and so on.
In London, Climate Change morons disrupted the daily train commute for thousands by standing on top of the trains. They were pulled down and beaten up by some of the angry commuters. Nothing says "I want to stop climate change" like protesting on top of public transportation systems that, you know, take cars off the street. :wacko:
"Extinction Rebellion?" LOL!!! :rofl: :rofl: :rofl:
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/video/2019/oct/17/protesters-dragged-off-dlr-train-as-extinction-rebellion-delay-commuters-in-london-video
Most of these types of protestors aren't as smart as normal people, or being paid by someone to act in this manner of protest. Maybe not the train guy, but other groups.
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Most of these types of protestors aren't as smart as normal people, or being paid by someone to act in this manner of protest. Maybe not the train guy, but other groups.
It's not about intelligence. It's about their need to get attention. That's their #1 priority. Nothing else factors into the thought process.
If they can do something outrageous enough to make it go viral on social media and in the news outlets, they've met their objective.
-- Standing on a street corner holding a sign: "meh".
-- Standing in the middle of a street & stopping the flow of traffic while holding the same sign: "national attention"
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Bravo! Great way to protest electricity generation - by cutting utility poles!
If they don't want electricity then don't give it to them.
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Bravo! Great way to protest electricity generation - by cutting utility poles!
If they don't want electricity then don't give it to them.
I'm sure they all used their smartphones and data plans to upload video to show how environmentally conscious they all are.
Hawaii uses the MOST fossil fuels for electricity generation of any state. But, let's not let facts get in the way of opposing alternative energy sources.
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Someone told me in the 80's there was an island wide power outage. And it was for a while. So they hooked up 1 of the nuclear carriers to the grid and supplied the power. Any old timers can confirm this?
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Someone told me in the 80's there was an island wide power outage. And it was for a while. So they hooked up 1 of the nuclear carriers to the grid and supplied the power. Any old timers can confirm this?
A nuclear powered Navy ship is not configured to provide power to shore facilities, especially to an electric grid.
While it's been done with older, non-nuclear ships, it's not something a nuclear ship can easily do. if you understand how generators (nuclear and non) create electricity ashore, and how a ship/sub operates (nuclear and non), you'd know that a nuclear reactor is not an electricity generator. A reactor creates steam which is used to run a turbine generator to produce electric power and turbines to power the ship's non-electric propulsion systems.
To do what you said would require either a large generator on the ship with a large transmission cable feeding the shore grid, or some way to power ashore generators with the ship's steam.
If you want the long answer ..... This also touches on some history.
https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/electrical-engineering-and-computer-science/6-691-seminar-in-electric-power-systems-spring-2006/projects/ship_to_shore.pdf
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The only fairly long island wide power outage I recall in the 80s was during and after Hurricane Iwa. I had a house in Punchbowl area and power was out for maybe day and a half, then some rolling blackouts for a few days. On the West side, power was out for a few weeks in some areas. I have always owned a generator and everyone who has a single family home, even if you just rent, should have one. On the BI, after Iselle, we had no power for 9 days. I have 2 generators here and always have lots of fuel on hand during hurricane season.
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Someone told me in the 80's there was an island wide power outage. And it was for a while. So they hooked up 1 of the nuclear carriers to the grid and supplied the power. Any old timers can confirm this?
That's a common one heard for Guam.
If you are truly interested, do some research in stuff like "shore power" (both breakers and grounding) and "ship power" requirements vs a commercial power plant.
Disclaimer: I'm not an electrical engineer nor Naval nuclear engineer. But I did spend the past week around many of both. . . almost as good as staying in a Holiday Inn for the week. ;D
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Anti windmill folks cut utility poles and dropped them across Kam highway near Kahuku motocross to stop transport of windmills. :wtf:
Power was out in upper Kahuku and Sunset but has since been restored :shake:
HPD with riot gear in force at scene. :popcorn:
Yeah, making someone drive all the way around the island to get home or to work REALLY makes them want to support your cause. :crazy: :crazy:
That's the price you pay for living in the boonies paradise.
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That's a common one heard for Guam.
If you are truly interested, do some research in stuff like "shore power" (both breakers and grounding) and "ship power" requirements vs a commercial power plant.
Disclaimer: I'm not an electrical engineer nor Naval nuclear engineer. But I did spend the past week around many of both. . . almost as good as staying in a Holiday Inn for the week. ;D
You don't like my comments, but I am an Electronics and Software engineer.
The amount of power in Joules in the grid is hard to grasp.
But all this stuff has to be synchronized or things explode.
Power plants are designed to shut down if the least little thing goes wrong.
I was helping on an engine run on a C5A once and the engine guy paralleled the
Ground Power Uni(GPU)t with the engines. Whole airplane shook and the GPU flipped over and
made a mess. The GPU was half the size of one of your Honolulu buses.
I don't think wind power is reliable. I have 10.6 kW of solar panels ready to be installed,
so I'm amenable to PC power. It is overpriced and not logical.
I'm a geothermal believer guy and local politics kills that. Tahitians that showed up
here in Hawaii 800 years ago are so "special", they can dominate
and override logic.
So pay UP!
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You don't like my comments, but I am an Electronics and Software engineer.
The amount of power in Joules in the grid is hard to grasp.
But all this stuff has to be synchronized or things explode.
Power plants are designed to shut down if the least little thing goes wrong.
I was helping on an engine run on a C5A once and the engine guy paralleled the
Ground Power Uni(GPU)t with the engines. Whole airplane shook and the GPU flipped over and
made a mess. The GPU was half the size of one of your Honolulu buses.
I don't think wind power is reliable. I have 10.6 kW of solar panels ready to be installed,
so I'm amenable to PC power. It is overpriced and not logical.
I'm a geothermal believer guy and local politics kills that. Tahitians that showed up
here in Hawaii 800 years ago are so "special", they can dominate
and override logic.
So pay UP!
I actually really do read your comments and very much value your input when sharing stories of personal experience and stuff. Complete respect for you as someone who has lots of experience in life in general. Dunno how old you are, but I do see much wisdom in some of your posts.
That said, the seemingly endless drone of Democrats should die, Oahu people should die, I think all Oahu people are idiots and should die. I hope Honolulu gets turned to sand by nuke, etc that has gotten way beyond old for me.
Anyways :shaka:
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I don't think this state should be building any large projects right now, especially any project supported by our "(D) leaders"
I have TONS of unfinished half started projects at home, but when it comes down to it, there are some things that TRULY matter. So, I bite the bullet, make hard choices, and cull these projects, to make it easier to complete the projects that really do make a difference for myself and my family. The "feel good" projects can either go on hold or be shit canned completely.
This entire state needs to do the same.
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I don't think this state should be building any large projects right now, especially any project supported by our "(D) leaders"
I have TONS of unfinished half started projects at home, but when it comes down to it, there are some things that TRULY matter. So, I bite the bullet, make hard choices, and cull these projects, to make it easier to complete the projects that really do make a difference for myself and my family. The "feel good" projects can either go on hold or be shit canned completely.
This entire state needs to do the same.
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To be sure, nowadays ANY major construction project will be met with "protectors".
The sad thing is how these anti-development "protectors" enjoy the fruits of past development projects.
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The "Non-Violent" protest continues, BUT
Fences cut, windmill mounting base post threads cut/damaged to the point where entire units require replacement $$$, material, equipment, company and guard vehicles vandalized etc...
:wtf:
Go ahead and protest, but try and keep it civil (aka legal).
Can't wait to see how the road blocks and such affect the Van's Big Wave.
:popcorn:
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The "Non-Violent" protest continues, BUT
Fences cut, windmill mounting base post threads cut/damaged to the point where entire units require replacement $$$, material, equipment, company and guard vehicles vandalized etc...
:wtf:
Go ahead and protest, but try and keep it civil (aka legal).
Can't wait to see how the road blocks and such affect the Van's Big Wave.
:popcorn:
The Menehunes did all the mischief. They are a protected class so you can’t do anything against them. :rofl:
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To be sure, nowadays ANY major construction project will be met with "protectors".
The sad thing is how these anti-development "protectors" enjoy the fruits of past development projects.
I follow a few protestors pages on fb and you are 100% correct
Ala Moana beach park project, Waianae windmills, makaha resort development, new dump in nanakuli.
All these and future ones coming up will be protested
It's interesting that they feel like "now is the time"
They are pushing for voter registration drives and forming their own aloha aina political party
There is much divide though, people are split between being an oppressed kanaka or participating in the American voting system.
They are also confused as to why "80000 people" can show up to march through Waikiki, "every truck has a flag" , and "hundreds" show up weekly for sign waving, but more people won't come to the protest to get arrested, or "hold space", as they call it, pretty much being in the way
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I follow a few protestors pages on fb and you are 100% correct
Ala Moana beach park project, Waianae windmills, makaha resort development, new dump in nanakuli.
All these and future ones coming up will be protested
It's interesting that they feel like "now is the time"
They are pushing for voter registration drives and forming their own aloha aina political party
There is much divide though, people are split between being an oppressed kanaka or participating in the American voting system.
They are also confused as to why "80000 people" can show up to march through Waikiki, "every truck has a flag" , and "hundreds" show up weekly for sign waving, but more people won't come to the protest to get arrested, or "hold space", as they call it, pretty much being in the way
New party going to be pro 2a I wonder?
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It's interesting that they feel like "now is the time"
They are pushing for voter registration drives and forming their own aloha aina political party
Now is a good time as any to begin reclaiming what was illegally taken away. :thumbsup:
There is much divide though, people are split between being an oppressed kanaka or participating in the American voting system.
Since there is only one goal on the minds of Hawaiians, there is always room to try different strategies to achieve it. :geekdanc:
They are also confused as to why "80000 people" can show up to march through Waikiki, "every truck has a flag" , and "hundreds" show up weekly for sign waving, but more people won't come to the protest to get arrested, or "hold space", as they call it, pretty much being in the way
Although not all of us want to break the law and get arrested, that does not mean we do not support those of us who do in the name of the cause. :shaka:
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New party going to be pro 2a I wonder?
I hope so.
With all the $hit their getting away with now, OC, CC, reciprocity etc.. should be a breeze to accomplish. ::)
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New party going to be pro 2a I wonder?
I've never asked or even seen it mentioned, but this should give you an idea
On a related note, someone posted a picture of officers arresting someone. A female officer in uniform, and a male in the blue jumpsuit.
They immediately focus on what appears to be a AR mag on the man's uniform, and "why do they need AR15s for peaceful protestors" blah, blah, blah.
I point out the female has her duty belt on, which is the exact same thing, but as the fish boy pointed out, it's not the same.
Anywho it proceeded by everyone telling me I'm not Hawaiian enough because I have a Japanese last name, I wouldn't understand because I haven't been through years of oppression, essentially every other excuse and name calling totally avoiding the initial essence of the post.
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https://www.kitv.com/story/41492472/trump-again-airs-dubious-claims-in-latest-attacks-on-windmills (https://www.kitv.com/story/41492472/trump-again-airs-dubious-claims-in-latest-attacks-on-windmills)
points made by the Kahuku protesters...killing birds etc. but because Trump said it - it's "dubious"
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Anywho it proceeded by everyone telling me I'm not Hawaiian enough because I have a Japanese last name
Just like 2a, most of these groups get infiltrated by alphabet agencies as soon as they seem to be gaining traction. Given the large social media presence my guess is this happened already, and the first thing provocateurs are going to do is try and turn the members against each other.
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Just like 2a, most of these groups get infiltrated by alphabet agencies as soon as they seem to be gaining traction. Given the large social media presence my guess is this happened already, and the first thing provocateurs are going to do is try and turn the members against each other.
That might well be true, but the others who are not "provocateurs" have the option to stand up and welcome those wanting to add their voice to the cause.
Unless the others are just sheep, willing to follow anyone who speaks loudly and with authority.