1) While I agree that everyone should train and be able to meet a minimum criteria, what is it? Who makes the standards? While not popular with a lot of people, I think State preemption should be taken away. Firearms are federally regulated through the 2nd Amendment and should stay that way. We can get a passport to travel, we can get a national open/concealed carry permit. Essentially if you are an adult, you can carry. The only thing the states should have a say in is if the carry open or concealed.
2) We are dealing with RIGHTS vs PRIVILEGES. There are no precussors to the right to vote, exercise your 1st or 5th Amendment rights. Also Thomas was explicit in his use of the violation of the 14th Amendment rights. It's the last sentence of the opinion. So I think (that being the key word) that states will have a hard time to go past minimal proficiency. Meaning if you can pass the basic marksmanship test for the local PD, you should be able to carry. They can't make it harder than what they mandate for their own PD. Does anyone know the HPD marksmanship minimums?
3) The problem will be the implementation of requirements. They can't be onerous and the fees can't be extravagant. as was stated in the SCOTUS opinion also.
So as we move forward, we can look forward to more lawsuits against the State and against the local PD as they make up new laws and their own rules (yes you HPD)
The minimum will have to follow existing permitting standards in the states that require them.
I think basic training and pistol operation is a must, plus local and federal laws, like transporting, brandishing, printing, etc. It's too difficult sometimes to reconcile the transportation requirements state-to-state. Should be no "gotchas" when it comes to having a firearm and traveling.
A test is separate from the training. You should be able to pass the classroom test, and then take the proficiency test within a reasonable time after. The classroom portion can be done online. Scheduling the firing test could be a problem for working gun owners, so maybe a 30-60 day window to pass it. If you fail, you can return in a day or two and retake it within the 30-60 days prescribed.
While I don't agree everyone needs to pass a test to own firearms, I think basic safety training should be required. What we have here in Hawaii with NRA training seems to be fine. You can substitute other forms like military training or hunter's ed, so I don't have an issue with that requirement.
CCW (IMHO) should require at least a minimum proficiency demonstration. Last thing you want is someone who's never fired their carry gun in their life pulling it in public -- unless they are handing it to someone else to use who trains regularly.
Responsible gun owners will take appropriate actions to be proficient. Unfortunately, not everyone fits that category, so mandatory training and testing will be the "common sense" restriction that I think most can agree on.
As I said, many states already have the standards in place. We just need a minimum version for the framework.