First of all, there's a BIG difference between Rough and Finish carpentry and the tools and skills to be proficient in either.
When roughing, think 1''x 2'' and 2''x 4'' lumber to start with and get larger for constructing buildings like homes, garages, sheds, as well as decks, benches, picnic tables.
Max play in roughing could be as much as 1/8" in some circumstances but the graced would be humiliated for half as much.
You'll need circular/rip saws, 12-20 oz claw hammer and nails, 16p nail guns, flat bar, cat's paw, 16'- 30' tape measures, carpenters squares, speed squares, 6' & 2' levels mason lines, drills, bits and screws.
Think Gran Torino.
Finish takes more "Finesse". Other than tables, beds and a few other projects, wood dimensions would be smaller than those used for roughing. Cabinets, armoire's and entertainment centers are made of butt joined or doweled planed planks or you can use ply wood which is available in top finished veneers.
Sailboats, skim boards and other water related projects would use teak or otherincluding Marine ply (see plywood Hawaii in Mapunapuna for both).
Chairs, gun racks, pole holders, spice rack, and of course picture frames are all finish work projects as is all of the "trim work" in the house like base boards, wall & cove moulding, chair rails etc...
There is no "max play" here, there is NO play. Smooth surfaces, invisible joints and a meticulous eye define custom finishing.
Some of the proper tools here depending on your project would be a circular saw and compound miter saw's with high tooth count blades, miter box w/ miter box saw, biscuit joiner, plane, dowel set up, palm sander, finish hammer, pin nailer and stapler (these are usually compressed air), 6'-12' tape measure, finish square, belt sander, drill and driver, screws.
As I have built all of the above and then some and have all of the above tools and more (sometimes several of each) I enjoy my "Garage time" on these finish type projects.
I'll also agree with Flap regarding making your work bench your first project.
And I'll end with this to gather ire from some.
A finish carpenter could do roughing, but a rougher could never finish.
