There are two things we are talking about generally.
One is using aquaponics as a farming method for commercial systems.
The other is to grow some herbs and vegetables at home, and (this is the key thing) have the system in place so that IN THE EVENT IT IS NECESSARY you can EXPAND IT IMMEDIATELY.
The reason is because you need to have the bacteria, etc. all growing already and the system functioning. THEN you can expand by adding more containers and pipes and more water, etc. But before that, you just keep a nice small sized system to grow peppers or whatever.
Fish food, you can give the fish anything that looks decent. You can even give them fruits and meats, etc. that you left over from cooking (just not with sauces, etc.). You can feed rice, etc.
I have goldfish. I don't intend to eat the fish. I just wanted to grow some parsley, chili, beans, etc.
I feed them this thing called KATEE'S KOI which is what they feed to prized Koi fish. Cheap.
You can even give them dog food if you have dogs. Just the same dry dog food.
I don't feed my dogs or my fish anything that I cannot eat. (Generally speaking; there are some human foods poisonous to dogs of course).