The Second Amendment protects the right of the people to keep and bear arms to protect a natural "God given" right of self defense from government violation.
Article 1, Section 1.
The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote
shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of age.
The "Right to Vote" wasn't specifically addressed in the Constitution until Amendments 12, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20, 25, and 26.
Election laws are the responsibility of each State.
In Presidential Elections, electors must meet the same qualifications as Representatives in Congress. Since slates of electors were originally chosen by the states' legislatures, the people didn't have a direct say in those elections until states decided to let voters decide who the electors would cast their votes for.
Voting rights have been evolving since the country was founded, partly because of societal views on who could be more responsible and educated enough to make such important decisions. Slaves were not allowed to vote. In fact, even after being freed, they were counted as less than a whole person for the census when apportioning the number of representatives for a state.
Women were also excluded by virtue of their lack of education. Men were engaged in business, running farms and ranches, creating industries, ... Women were taking care of the homes, having and raising children, ....
In most places, only land owners were allowed to vote, since it was logical they would have "skin in the game" with the most to benefit from having capable men in office. Someone with which their votes would have no effect could vote a given candidate for any reason, or no reason. Voting for a representative who promised to raise taxes on others who actually pay taxes didn't bother voters who didn't pay taxes.
The US has over time expanded voting rights to include all mentally competent citizens of legal voting age. That right is revoked for felons.
To try and equate the right to bear arms and the right to vote is not appropriate. Self defense is a basic need -- a survival skill. It's a right the government can't violate without due process.
Voting, on the other hand, is a right GRANTED by government. There is no natural law "to vote." That's purely a government function.
Since the Constitution limits voting rights to citizens, it would take an amendment to change it. But, since the states are empowered to run elections, they could change their own Constitutions and laws to allow non-citizens to vote in state and local elections, since those have more impact on the individuals than federal elections.
The real issue is, once you grant voting rights to non-citizens at the state and local level, it's only a matter of time before the state legislatures will be comprised of immigrant-sympathetic officials making laws that expand further the rights of non-citizens.
I don't think NYC residents will be happy when their city councils and state bodies are passing laws and ordinances that represent the will of non-citizens more than for those of citizens.