I don't know much about the debt, other than that it is frighteningly large. In a brief internet quest to understand it better I ran across this relatively bland but informative link:
http://useconomy.about.com/od/monetarypolicy/f/Who-Owns-US-National-Debt.htm
I had no idea that Social Security was the single largest holder of US debt. More than twice as much as China, which has actually already divested some of its US debt holdings while remaining our largest foreign debt holder. It does square with my experience of government spending, though. Any allotted funds not spent during a giving year will reduce the amount of funds allotted next year - so several agencies spend their budget surpluses on bonds. The article explains it fairly well. I wondered what the excess budget money was spent on. In some cases it is new printers, extra office supplies, rental car upgrades or conventions in Hawaii, etc. - all considered justified as putting money back into the economy. For some agencies it looks like buying US debt is another way of putting the money back into the economy.
I need to learn more about the economics of debt at this scale. Its an easy number to be terrified by but the details make at least a little more sense.
Here's a link to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) of the White House, 2015 Budget, Summary Tables.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/default/files/omb/budget/fy2015/assets/tables.pdfOpen the Summary Table PDF, and go to page 170, table S-5.
Notice a few things:
We are continuing to spend about $500 billion to $600 billion more than we have every year from 2015 to 2024. Cumulative deficit for 2015 to 2019 is projected to be $2.468 TRILLION. For 2015 to 2024, the cumulative deficit is $4.930 TRILLION.
The way deficits work is, that's the amount we add to the national debt. How do we expect ot EVER pay ANY of the debt if we continue to have a budget deficit every year? Without a balanced budget, we can never improve -- it only gets worse!
Now for the fun part!!
The top table has discretionary spending by military and non-military. The total discretionary budget is $1.147 Trillion in 2015.
The next table has mandatory programs: Social Security, Medicare, Medicaid, Other, and even Immigration Reform (nothing in 2015 --- yet!). The total Mandatory spending comes to an estimated $3.455 Trillion.
Next is the Receipts -- how much money the government expects to garnish from tax payers in the form of income tax, Social Security Tax, Medicare and Medicaid Tax, Unemployment Insurance, Estate Taxes, Interest earnings from deposits, etc. The total projected revenue for 2015 is $2.775 Trillion.
So, boys and girls, let's review:
Revenue = $2.775 Trillion
Mandatory spending = $2.086 Trillion
How much of revenue is left for discretionary spending? $2.775 - $2.086 = $689 billion
If you subtract that balance from the discretionary spending, we are now at $1.147 - $0.689 =
- ($489 billion) in the hole, budget-wise. That's excluding interest we pay on the debt and adjustments for disaster costs. Total deficit in 2015 will be
$680 Billion.
What does that mean? It means we barely cover all the bills we HAVE to pay. That's before paying just over half of the other bills, like military defense, operating Air Force One, running the White House, foreign aid, and so on.
So, I ask you. How can we ever expect to balance a budget without cutting back on things like Medicare, Medicaid, and Social Security Benefits? The only way to have a balanced budget is to (1) cut Mandatory expenses, and (2) increase revenue.
A robust, growing economy is the best remedy for increasing revenue. Cutting military spending will help reduce the amount we borrow, since the wars were all financed with debt, but that won't put much of a dent in the mandatory spending costs. Plus the common defense of the nation is the ONE thing mandated in the Constitution the government is required to pay for!
Hope that doesn't keep you up too late at night!!