Equality of opportunity vs equality of outcome. If the ratio of people in positions of authority is way out of proportion and does not reflect the population, then we need to figure out where that glass ceiling is and make the necessary adjustments so that qualified candidates can rise to the top naturally. Simply shoving someone in a position of power for which they do not have the necessary skill set is counterproductive and encourages more racism.
Watching "A Knight's Tale" (starring the late-great Heath Ledger), I'm always interested in the Thatcher's desire to give his son opportunities that he could never provide -- even though it meant having to let his boy live with his uncle and not be close enough to see each other.
People living in low-opportunity circumstances are rarely willing to give their child up for adoption to families that offer a better learning environment. Sometimes it feels like this is what's needed.
Maybe not such a drastic separation, but maybe dorms that can house students away from poor, crime-riddled neighborhoods in favor of safe, nurturing environments.
We have student exchange programs that let students live with parents of students in other locations -- even internationally. We have money to pay for projects in bad areas, but none for accommodations in better areas for parents with school kids.
Sometimes it's the parents who are the problem. Sometimes they are just a victim of circumstances or generational poverty. Sometimes it's the schools who spend 90% of their time dealing with the troublemakers and not teaching those who want to learn.
Make a list of all the factors that affect income and education. I bet one of the factors rising to the top of the list will be single parent homes. Most studies prove that children raised in 2-parent homes do better in school. Yet, our public welfare system insists on "incentivizing" single parent homes with more financial support than 2-parent homes.
If you want less of something, you tax it.
If you want more of something, you subsidize it.
No big mystery, really.