EEF, there is one flaw in your thought experiment.
It presumes that the unvaxxed are morally wrong for not taking a clot shot that is totally safe. It presumes that unvaxxed are just being stubborn about “freedom” and equating them to engaging in risky behavior, equivalent to having unsafe sex and getting AIDS.
Now, restart your thought experiment with an understanding that the unvaxxed are being forced against their will to take a clot shot that violates their moral convictions, has a chance of aggravating a medical condition that could lead to long term illness or even death, or both. Compound this with the possibility that they may not need this clot shot if they already have natural immunity from having recovered from Covid, or have alternative options to the vaccine for preventing and treating covid.
Would you still consider it morally right to triage them as a lower priority for being unvaxxed?
My thought experiment does not indicate any moral judgement in my opinion. I would say it is designed to tug on emotions to make people think but it doesn't decide what answer is the morally right one. Two people can run through the thought experiment and come to opposite conclusions. One might say the terrorist goes to the back of the line for reasons ABC and the other might say the terrorist should be triaged just the same as the victim for reasons XYZ. People may use morality to come to their conclusion but I am not morally judging what conclusions people come to.
A thought experiment might cause someone arrive at a conclusion they don't like but it isn't a moral judgement. In the case of the triage situation and how vaccinated or unvaccinated people should be treated or seen by society this isn't just a hypothetical anymore, it is happening in some areas. There are no clean easy answers to the question but it is one that has to be answered. I asked a cousin who wasn't going to get the vaccine what hospitals should do if they are overloaded by the vaccine and she didn't want to think about it, just said the hospitals will decide.
You are right though that certain pre-existing medical conditions would complicate a policy that places the unvaccinated at the back of the line. This would be, in my opinion, one of the stronger argument against using a triage system that prioritizes the vaccinated.
I wouldn't say I believe it is morally right to triage an unvaccinated person as lower priority compared to a vaccinated person. I can see a few positives to it but a number of negatives that I am not comfortable with.
My personal position on the matter of forced vaccinations is that I will never support forced vaccinations of any kind. I don't trust the government with that kind of power, though they technically already have it for members of the military. Now if a private employer wants to mandate a vaccine that I somewhat support since they are private. I think it is ok for the government to incentivize a vaccine but the line from incentive to force can get a little blurry.